Artificial Intelligence in Teaching & Learning
a partially curated bibliography and resource page for UofT community members
last updated Feb 21. 2023, 11:20 a.m.
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U of T -specific Resources
The Office of the Vice-Provost, Innovations in Undergraduate Education, has issued a resource page on ChatGPT and generative AI in the classroom. This resource includes a FAQ section that addresses a variety of questions, including the use of AI-detectors such as GPTZero.
University of Toronto Centre for Teaching Support & Innovation Resource: Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom –
https://teaching.utoronto.ca/resources/generative-artificial-intelligence-in-the-classroom/
AI update February 2023 – A description of AI technology and how it is likely to manifest in common applications in the coming months.
A video by Prof. Susan McCahan, Vice-Provost. 2023-02-18 (must have a UTORid to watch)
A Demonstration of Several AI Systems (Video – runtime: 11:20 – requires UTORid to view)
Presented by Prof. Susan McCahan, Vice-Provost, Innovations in Undergraduate Education,
and Vice-Provost, Academic Programs, the University of Toronto
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Must Reads: AI in Teaching & Learning
In the Coming Weeks, How to Respond to Generative AI: Many were taken by surprise by the emergence of highly sophisticated large language models. Notice was taken last year with OpenAI’s GPT-3. Ray Schroeder, Inside HigherEd, February 15, 2023 – https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/blogs/online-trending-now/coming-weeks-how-respond-generative-ai
7 problems facing Bing, Bard, and the future of AI search: Microsoft and Google say a new era of AI-assisted search is coming. But as with any new era in tech, it comes with plenty of problems, from bullshit generation to culture wars and the end of ad revenue. By James Vincent, The Verge, Feb 9, 2023 – https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/9/23592647/ai-search-bing-bard-chatgpt-microsoft-google-problems-challenges
- Editorial: ChatGPT is fun, but not an author – H. Holden Thorp, Science- 26 Jan 2023 Vol 379, Issue 6630 – https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.adg7879
- ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Jan 18, 2023, Chris Stokel-Walker, Nature – https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00107-z
Videos & Podcasts Worth Watching/Hearing
- A Skeptical Take on the A.I. Revolution – The Ezra Klein Show
- ChatGPT is a game changer for artificial intelligence: Gillian Hadfield, professor of law,
Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto and senior policy advisor for OpenAI,
joins BNN Bloomberg to discuss ChatGPT. - Does ChatGPT Change … Everything? – The Agenda with Steve Paikin – January 16, 2023 –
(panelists include Prof. Gillian Hadfield) - But How Does ChatGPT Actually Work? – An instructional video from technologist Till Musshoff
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Other Curated Bibliographies AI in Teaching & Learning
There’s an AI For That (curated list of over 1800 AI tools) – https://theresanaiforthat.com/
- AI Text Generators: Sources to Stimulate Discussion among Teachers Compiled by Anna Mills
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V1drRG1XlWTBrEwgGqd-cCySUB12JrcoamB5i16-Ezw/ - Resources for exploring ChatGPT and higher education – December 15, 2022 by Bryan Alexander – https://bryanalexander.org/future-of-education/resources-for-exploring-chatgpt-and-higher-education/
- ID2ID AI Text Generators Collection of Resources – maintained by Nadia V. Jaramillo Cherrez (Oregon State U) – https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Wo4RnSoIy0xWcnHFVDV9YAJc3j_3u-uJ9euwi2iO_j0/
- A collection of AI in Education materials curated by Pip Cleaves, Deputy Principal – Strategic Initiatives at NSW Department of Education (Australia)
https://pipcleaves.notion.site/331cd912b1194cc292b2e97718958463
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Other AI in Teaching & Learning Readings
Did ChatGPT Really Pass Graduate-Level Exams? by Prof. Melanie Mitchell, Santa Fe Institute in AI: A Guide for Thinking Humans, Feb 9, 2023 – https://aiguide.substack.com/p/did-chatgpt-really-pass-graduate
A Conversation With Bing’s Chatbot Left Me Deeply Unsettled: A very strange conversation with the chatbot built into Microsoft’s search engine led to it declaring its love for me. By Kevin Roose, New York Times, Feb. 16, 2023 (behind paywall) – https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/technology/bing-chatbot-microsoft-chatgpt.html
- ChatGPT: Threat or Menace? Are fears about generative AI warranted? – Steven Mintz, January 16, 2023 – https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-gamma/chatgpt-threat-or-menace
- Machines Can Craft Essays. How Should Writing Be Taught Now? October 26, 2022, Susan D’Agostino, Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2022/10/26/machines-can-craft-essays-how-should-writing-be-taught-now
- ChatGPT Advice Academics Can Use Now: To harness the potential and avert the risks of OpenAI’s new chat bot, academics should think a few years out, invite students into the conversation and—most of all—experiment, not panic – by Susan D’Agostino, January 12, 2023 – Inside HigherEd – https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2023/01/12/academic-experts-offer-advice-chatgpt
- ChatGPT Both Is and Is Not Like a Calculator: Still talking about ChatGPT because there’s a lot at stake to getting this right – John Warner, InsideHigherEd – January 16, 2023 – https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/chatgpt-both-and-not-calculator
- The scary truth about AI copyright is that no one knows what will happen next, Nov. 15, 2022, James Vincent, The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/23444685/generative-ai-copyright-infringement-legal-fair-use-training-data
- Microsoft is looking at OpenAI’s GPT for Word, Outlook and PowerPoint, Tom Warner, Jan 9, 2023, The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/9/23546144/microsoft-openai-word-powerpoint-outlook-gpt-integration-rumor
- Teaching: Will ChatGPT Change the Way You Teach? Jan 5, 2023, Beth McMurtrie, The Chronicle of Higher Education newsletter, https://www.chronicle.com/newsletter/teaching/2023-01-05
- Australian universities to return to ‘pen and paper’ exams after students caught using AI to write essays – Caitlin Cassidy – 10 Jan 2023 – The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/10/universities-to-return-to-pen-and-paper-exams-after-students-caught-using-ai-to-write-essays
- AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that, Dec 31, 2022, Alex Hern, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/dec/31/ai-assisted-plagiarism-chatgpt-bot-says-it-has-an-answer-for-that (ChatGPT is working toward “watermarking” text in a way that is identifiable by plagiarism detention tools; Also introduces the concept of AIgiarism coined by Paul Graham.)
- This copyright lawsuit could shape the future of generative AI, Nov. 21, 2022, Will Knight, Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/this-copyright-lawsuit-could-shape-the-future-of-generative-ai/
- How do I cite an artificial intelligence? MLA Style Center, https://style.mla.org/citing-artificial-intelligence/
- ChatGPT and higher education: last week and this week – Bryan Alexander – https://bryanalexander.org/future-trends-forum/chatgpt-and-higher-education-last-week-and-this-week/ – Dec. 19, 2022
- The dawn of AI has come, and its implications for education couldn’t be more significant.
December 14, 2022, Vitomir Kovanovic, The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/the-dawn-of-ai-has-come-and-its-implications-for-education-couldnt-be-more-significant-196383
Copyright questions
In addition to The Verge article above:
- Artificial Intelligence and Copyright, Oct. 2017, Andres Guadamuz, WIPO Magazine https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2017/05/article_0003.html (A bit dated but does a good job of explaining some of the issues )
- State of the Arts: How Should Canadian Copyright Law Treat Works Generated by Artificial Intelligence? No date provided?, The Canadian Bar Association. THIS IS A PDF DOWNLOAD https://www.cba.org/CBAMediaLibrary/cba_na/PDFs/Sections/IP-Copyright-of-AI-created-works-AODA.pdf (we don’t know the provenance of this white paper, but it covers the topic fairly thoroughly from a Canadian perspective.)
What does ChatGPT say about ownership?
We asked ChatGPT this question. Its response is given at the end of this document.
Opinion and Business pieces
We have added a new section with relevant readings from companies and suppliers in the tools section below.
- A skeptical Take on the A.I. Revolution, Ezra Klein podcast, Jan 6, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/06/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-gary-marcus.html
- The third magic, Noah Smith, Jan 1, 2023, https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/the-third-magic
- A New Area of A.I. Booms, Even Amid the Tech Gloom, Erin Griffith and Cade Metz, Jan 7, 2023, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/07/technology/generative-ai-chatgpt-investments.html
- How about we put Learning at the Center – John Warner, Inside Higher Ed, Jan. 4, 2023 https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/how-about-we-put-learning-center
- The College Essay Is Dead: Nobody is prepared for how AI will transform academia.
December 6, 2022, Stephen Marche, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/12/chatgpt-ai-writing-college-student-essays/672371/
- No, Artificial Intelligence Won’t Destroy High School English (Or Any Other Subject) John Spencer December 12, 2022 – https://spencerauthor.com/englishai/
- What would Plato say about ChatGPT? Dec. 15, 2022, New York Times, Zeynep Tufekci https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/opinion/chatgpt-education-ai-technology.html
- I Would Have Cheated in College Using ChatGPT Michael Feldstein. Posted on December 16, 2022 https://eliterate.us/i-would-have-cheated-in-college-using-chatgpt/
- Guest Post: AI Will Augment, Not Replace A guest post from Marc Watkins of the University of Mississippi, the second in a likely series on freaking out about ChatGPT. Marc Watkins, Inside HigherEd, December 14, 2022 https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/guest-post-ai-will-augment-not-replace
- AI/ML as Copilot By Michael Feldstein. Posted on October 6, 2022 https://eliterate.us/ai-ml-as-copilot/
- ChatGPT and the rise of AI writers: how should higher education respond? Nancy Gleason, New York University, Times Higher Education, 9 Dec 2022 https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/chatgpt-and-rise-ai-writers-how-should-higher-education-respond
- AI Homework – The Stratechery Blog by Ben Thompson – https://stratechery.com/2022/ai-homework/
- Seeing the Future: Developing Intuitions About Artificial Intelligence By Michael Feldstein. Posted on October 12, 2022
https://eliterate.us/seeing-the-future-developing-intuitions-about-artificial-intelligence/
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More General Items
- Josh Freed: New Year’s resolutions are easier when you’re buddies with a chatbot – Dec. 31, 2022 – https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/josh-freed-new-years-resolutions-are-easier-when-youre-buddies-with-a-chatbot Montreal Gazette
- Google Engineer Claims AI Chatbot Is Sentient: Why That Matters Scientific American by Leonardo De Cosmo
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/google-engineer-claims-ai-chatbot-is-sentient-why-that-matters/
- Blake Lemoine: Is LaMDA Sentient? — an Interview – The Medium https://cajundiscordian.medium.com/is-lamda-sentient-an-interview-ea64d916d917
- The Truth About AI Getting “Creative” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gNauGdOkro by Marques Brownle
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Events of Note
Upcoming SRI@UofT Seminars explore the societal implications of AI systems (starts January 18)
https://srinstitute.utoronto.ca/news/upcoming-sri-seminars-explore-the-societal-implications-of-ai-systems
Educause QuickTalk | GPT: The Generative AI Revolution: (January 30, 2023 – recording available)
https://events.educause.edu/member-quicktalks/2023/gpt-the-generative-ai-revolution
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ATTENTION: We, and others, have noted that a number of “look alike” sites and apps have arisen recently. If you are trying to access the real OpenAI ChatGPT 3.5, please use this link: https://chat.openai.com – OpenAI does not make an app for mobile devices, despite what you may be seeing on the Internet. |
Tools and their functionality
This list is changing daily (see https://www.g2.com/categories/ai-writing-assistant for rankings of 134 writing assistant systems).
- Chat GPT 3.5 – a product from OpenAI. It is designed for chatting, but will also produce longer texts, poems, etc. It works best on content that is either “common knowledge” (e.g., first year content) or areas that have received lots of discussion online (e.g., climate change). Currently free (release Nov. 2022), but ultimately may become a commercial product. (https://chat.openai.com)
- Jasper – A commercial product that is advertising heavily designed for writing ad copy, blogs, and other content. Although primarily aimed at sales and marketing, it also has the capability of “improving” a piece of writing, can create or improve long form text (it advertises writing of books), and operates in multiple languages, and does plagiarism and grammar checks. It is one more frequently reviewed products in this space. (https://www.jasper.ai/ ) Starts at $40/mth, or $80/mth (Boss mode).
- Writesonic – “Writesonic’s GPT-3 language model deploys powerful AI to generate blog posts, landing pages, adverts, product descriptions, and emails, so it’s a top choice if you need a versatile writing tool.” (https://www.techradar.com/best/ai-writer) Works in multiple languages. Also advertises a ChatSonic version (“like Chat GPT, but with superpowers”). (https://writesonic.com/ ) About $15/mth for an individual.
- Article Forge – Advertises that it “writes entire 1,500+ word articles automatically” in about 60 seconds. Many of the others will write long format also, but this tool seems to be particularly designed for this. Also does plagiarism checking. (https://www.articleforge.com/) starts at $30/mth.
- WordAI – Advertises that their tool is best at improving existing content. This tool is a favorite (according to techradar) of people in tech. It is more of a rewriting tool than a content creation tool. “This tool can totally restructure your sentences and paragraphs to make them easier and more pleasing to read, and WordAI will automatically add keywords, make your writing more varied and fix spelling and grammar mistakes. It can use AI to improve clarity, and it’ll avoid duplicated content and create up to 1,000 rewrites per article.” (https://www.techradar.com/best/ai-writer) (https://wordai.com/ ) $60/mth or $30/mth for an annual license.
- AI Writer – Like many of these tools, AI Writer is geared toward the production of web content and search engine optimization (SEO). It is largely designed for sales and marketing. Unlike many of the other tools, AI Writer provides a list of sources and citations. Also does text rewording, although partly this is for SEO optimization, not just readability. (https://ai-writer.com/ ) $30/mth.
- Ink – A relatively new product built on GPT-3, it is designed for expanding text you have written, rewriting/editing text, and generating text. Like some other tools, it will give you multiple variations to choose from for each prompt. It also includes grammar support and a readability score, so if you do your own writing/editing it shows you how the readability changes. (https://inkforall.com/ ) $60/mth or $45/mth for an annual license.
- Moonbeam – This tool has been mentioned in recent Inside Higher Ed articles on AI probably because pricing and because it is trained to write essays makes it attractive for students. (https://www.gomoonbeam.com/ ) $0 up to 30k words/mth, $20/mth for pro version.
- Fermat – AI on a collaborative canvas – a company out of Barcelona – https://fermat.ws/
- Chat GPT 3.5 – a product from OpenAI. It is designed for chatting, but will also produce longer texts, poems, etc. It works best on content that is either “common knowledge” (e.g., first year content) or areas that have received lots of discussion online (e.g., climate change). Currently free (release Nov. 2022), but ultimately may become a commercial product. (https://chat.openai.com)
Other
- Jill Watson – Virtual AI Teaching Assistant Project from Georgia Tech U:
https://dilab.gatech.edu/a-suite-of-online-learning-tools/ - While many of these are developed for use by sales, marketing and online content creators, there are others (e.g., SciNote, Sembly) specifically designed for a specific type of writing (e.g., FDA and other regulatory submissions/reporting, or meeting minutes from transcripts). Financial analysis companies, for example, are using systems like AlphaSense that take natural language queries to identify relevant sources of information. One type that may find substantial traction in academia is Elicit, Iris – “Elicit is a research assistant using language models like GPT-3 to automate parts of researchers’ workflows. Currently, the main workflow in Elicit is Literature Review.” (https://elicit.org/faq#what-is-elicit ). Iris.AI claims similar functionality (https://iris.ai/ )
- Jill Watson – Virtual AI Teaching Assistant Project from Georgia Tech U:
It is worth noting that Microsoft etc. are also entering this space and our staff can, and probably should, be using more of the Microsoft “power tools” like Power BI and Automate. We could probably use Automate to replace or add to some of the homegrown systems we have such as academic offense tracking, or other protocol-based processes. They also have an AI Builder tool. (https://powerautomate.microsoft.com/en-us/ )
Readings from Companies and Suppliers
You can now watch Microsoft’s special AI event where it unveiled the new Bing – https://www.windowscentral.com/microsoft/you-can-now-watch-microsofts-special-ai-event-where-it-unveiled-the-new-bing
- Learn about the policies, practices, and tools that make up our framework for Responsible AI by Design. Microsoft https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/responsible-ai
- AI writing: The challenge and opportunity in front of education now – by Chris Caren, CEO of Turnitin – 15 December 2022: https://www.turnitin.com/blog/ai-writing-the-challenge-and-opportunity-in-front-of-education-now
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What does ChatGPT say about ownership?
Query: Who owns the copyright for writing generated by ChatGPT
ChatGPT’s Answer:
GPT, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI for generating text. As the creator of the GPT model, OpenAI owns the copyright for the software and any text that is generated using the model.
However, the text that is generated using the GPT model is created automatically by the model, and as such, it may not be eligible for copyright protection under copyright law. In general, copyright protection is only granted to original works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible form, such as a book or a document. Automatically generated text may not meet the threshold of originality required for copyright protection.
If you want to use text generated by the GPT model for any purpose, you should first obtain permission from OpenAI. It is also important to note that even if the text generated by the GPT model is not eligible for copyright protection, it may still be protected by other legal rights such as trade secret or patent law.